How does the main protagonist in a christmas carol change throghout Essay

How does the main protagonist in a christmas carol change throghout the text - Essay Example I will be analyzing all the social, historical as well as cultural features that can be found in the text, too, and also the problems mentioned in the book which are similar to today’s multi-cultural society. The protagonist of this book is Ebenezer Scrooge who, in the beginning is, shown as an old, ‘tight-fisted hand at the grind- stone’ man who is ‘a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner!’. Bob Cratchit works for him but Scrooge pays him a paltry sum which is not enough for him to bring up his large family. Scrooge is ‘self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 4) He does not like any celebrations, particularly Christmas, nor does he like having happy people around him. One of the most frequent adjectives used by Scrooge is ‘Humbug!’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 7). His personality undergoes a drastic change once the Ghosts of the Past, Present and Yet to Come visit him in his d reams. At seeing himself end up as a lonely person abandoned by all during all three of these, he wakes up a changed man, promising to ‘honour Christmas in (his) heart, and try to keep it all the year’. (Dickens, 1843, p. 125) He calls himself ‘as happy as an angel †¦ as merry as a schoolboy ... ... He has used adjectives very appropriately in the first stave to give the reader a sense of the characters and the setting. He also uses onomatopoeia to emphasize on emotions as well as the sounds: ‘Clash, clang, hammer; ding, dong, bell. Bell, dong, ding; hammer, clang, clash.’. (Dickens, 1843, p. 129) The reader would also notice the use of similes so one can compare the situation to something ‘Old Marley was as dead as a door-nail.’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 3) When describing Scrooge, Charles Dickens uses the weather elements to show what his character is like and even his facial structure: ‘The cold within him froze his old features †¦ He carried his own low temperature always about with him †¦ and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas †¦ No wind that blew was bitterer than he ....’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 5) Dickens’ A Christmas Carol is thought to be a novella by many. These are usually fictional, narrative stories which are not too long in length and the plot is not too diverse, but mostly focuses on a particular plotline, the endings usually suggesting a change. The story is in first person which makes the reader believe that it is the author Dickens himself who is the narrator of the book, an omniscient narrator to be precise. Using the first point of view allows him to capture the readers’ interest, allows them to believe that they are a part of the story. The narrative form also lets the reader to feel what is happening in the novella. There is a great deal of imagery one comes across in the book so one can have a vivid picture of what exactly is going on. It helps give a greater impact of the setting and the

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay The ensuring letter of motivation is meant to put forth my aspiration to pursue my career through Master’s in Mechanical Engineering at your esteemed university, as well as description of my plans subsequent to my graduation. In this ever changing world of Engineering and Technology, passing day makes them obsolete, I want to attain the highest level of education and transcend new scope for research in Mechanical Engineering. This has always fascinated me and I am keen to continue my academic pursuit in this field. Personally, I have always cherished a dream to become an Engineer, a dream that was innate and developed slowly over the years. Right from my school days, I found myself fascinated by the intricacies of mathematics and physics, which spurn their web of aura around me, a web that I sought to unravel in countless problems solving sessions I have always felt a strong need for achievement, which has been the motivating force behind whatever I have achieved in my academic career. I have received grades with magna cum laude both in my 10th and 12th grade. see more:sop for canada student visa Engineering, at this point of time, seemed as a natural extrapolation of my abilities and interests. With good grades I enrolled in the discipline of Mechanical engineering at â€Å"Shree Devi Institute of Technology (SDIT), Mangalore†. As an undergraduate student at â€Å"SDIT†, I have completed my course with discipline and hard work. I plan to apply the same determination that made me a balanced person in life in my future Engineering career. I have focused my time on education and am seeking the admission for Master’s in Mechanical Engineering in your Institution. My passion for CAD/CAM started from the First year of my Engineering itself when I got 121 out of 125, securing first position in class for, â€Å"Computer Aided Engineering Drawing (CAED)†. This and the â€Å"CADD Quest scholarship† motivated me to join at CADD CENTRE, Mangalore in 2011 where I completed my â€Å"Master diploma in product design and analysis† and got myself well acquainted with mechanical software’s namely AutoCAD, PRO/E, CATIAV5, PRIMEVERA and ANSYS. I have also completed AutoCAD – 2D from Manipal University (MICE). Even the vision of our Institute exclaimed â€Å"Engineers build Nation†. In this world where engineers are proliferating at an extremely high place, I felt that I had to achieve something different to stand in a good position in the competitive world pursuing this strongly in built motive, I did my last year thesis on â€Å"Design and Analysis of a Cargo Lift†. It was completed in collaboration with the CADD CENTRE. It is been done using Mechanical Design software’s, ‘CATIA V5’ for designing all parts of the cargo lift and ‘ANSYS’ for analysis in the different parts of the cargo lift. The project was based on the comparison between conventional design and the more effective design (Project Design). I have given some paper presentations during my graduation but ‘SNAKE ROBOTS-to the Rescue’ received due appreciation in which I explained the rescue mission in Japan during the tsunami, earthquake and Nuclear Shutdown where these rescue robots were utilized effectively to rescue people under such harsh circumstances. During my study at baccalaureate level I have nurtured a growing interest in CAE and Robotics due to its immense real life applications and wide scope of research. I want to expose myself to the outer limits of specialized knowledge of these fields. A thorough knowledge of computers is imperative for any engineer to be successful. I have taken computer courses in C-Language, C++. On the other end, Ergonomics surveying also proves that a lot of people suffer from ‘Technostress’, finding it difficult to cope with the ever improving technology, so I want to utilize my talent into preparing and designing something user friendly. Presently, India is not so advanced in Computational design and Engineering with very limited college’s providing platform for such mode of engineering, but it is improving and will have a wide scope in the near future. I have learned that German universities are a mark of excellence for Master’s programs throughout the world. Backed by my family members and to achieve my goals, I have considered to study ahead and have gained information about a lot of Universities which offer multiple Master’s programs in Germany through internet (daad. de). I have set up a top priority to attain admissions in one of the University’s and have also enrolled myself into German language course. The German universities have always pioneered the research in mechanical fields of interest. Being a prospective student for new challenging ideas, I believe that an opportunity for higher education in Germany would be a unique fortuity to test and prove my ability and also to enrich and broaden my keen with transition to a new setting. Finally, I would like to add here that my parents have always been a source of inspiration to me. They have set me personal examples and ideals for me follow. As a result of this, I believe that over the years, I have evolved into a person who can fit easily into a team and who appreciates the value of discussion and exchanges of ideas. I am largely self-regulated and am capable of independent work, given an opportunity. Moreover, my college years had a lot of ups and downs, being in a different state it was hard to adjust to life. Later, I started getting involved in various college activities and even made new friends. This eventually taught me to blend with people from different parts of India. I have participated in many events, inter-class as well as for inter-college. I was the captain of our college Football team. I was also part of our college Table-tennis and carom team. For me â€Å"fun is better than winning†, so it didn’t matter whether we won or lose, but it taught me about responsibilities, teamwork and group leading. We also had our own college group comprising of different talents that participated in other colleges, I used to be on the pencil-sketch, Rangoli( an art done on floor using powder color) and Treasure-hunting teams. I have attended technical fests like Sentia at MITE, Arodhya at NITTE. I with my friends had organized various events of our college for Inter- Collegiate Fest and Inter Class such as Treasure Hunt, Tech Quiz, and Football respectively. Lastly, I perceive that graduate study nurtures the seeds of learning sown during the course of undergraduate study. I work well under pressure and become engrossed in whatever subject I am pursuing. I would like to apply my skills as a Mechanical Engineering at your Institution. After having gone through the details of the research facilities available at German universities, I feel that they are very much catering to the fields of my interest and it is the right place to embark upon my academic career. Thank you for considering my application.

Misconception in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus Rex Essays

Misconception in Oedipus the King In many plays a character has a misconception of his her self and/or his or her world. When this misconception is destroyed it can be a major turning point in the story. "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles is one such story. In the story Oedipus has such a misconception where he thinks he has a good life, but really his life is morally wrong. This contributes to the theme or themes of the play when they serve as the defining climax of the story. When the misconception is stopped Oedipus sees that you cannot escape or change your past, but you can still do great things even if you have been evil or immoral in your life. When Oedipus was born it was prophesied that he would kill his father and marry his mother. His father naturally feared this and told a shepard to take the boy out and kill him when he was still a child. The kind old shepard could not bring himself to kill a innocent little boy so he gave him to a passing messenger to take as his own. When Oedipus was older he learned of this prophecy and left home because he loved his foster father who he believed to be his real father. A while after he ran away he traveling down a road when he saw a coach coming. It contained his true father, King Laios of Thebes and his bodyguards. When they almost ran him over Oedipus attacked them killing the bodyguards and his father, thinking that they were highway bandits, and by doing so he unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy. When he realizes this he is devastated. This really contributes to the theme, that you cannot escape your past. The fact that he killed a king and his father no less, is a major factor in his exile later in the story. When he discovers that King Laios was his real father he sees that by not running away that he could have prevented this whole catastrophe. This just goes to show that hindsight is always 20/20, Oedipus saw this and realized his mistake. Him realizing that he cannot go back and change his past is also a big

Against the Flow :: Teenagers Teens Media Trends Essays

Against the Flow The stereotypical American teenage girl follows the entertainment industry as if it were her livelihood. She listens to pop, rap, and R&B. She goes shopping almost every weekend for the next midriff-baring fashion. Television is scheduled into her day as if the VCR had never been invented. She is on top of the trends, ready with plastic in hand for anything the market will push her way. I am not your typical teenage girl. I like to see movies, but often put everything else ahead of going to a movie theatre and must catch up by watching several movies from the video store. When pop describes a genre of music rather than a carbonated beverage, I often find that I will know the words to an entire song without ever learning its title or artist. And there are certainly no skimpy clothes in my closet or drawers. I feel as though I am looking from the outside in on the teenage world. Despite my being in this age group, I have never really been caught up in the group that has the most disposable income in the United States. I constantly observe a cycle of desire and consumption with nothing standing between teenagers and the latest fad. But how did this cycle start? How will it ever end? More importantly, is it even healthy? The trends within the teenage market do not begin with the teens themselves. Rather, we are targeted as the group with disposable income, and a LOT of it. Most teenagers with summer jobs use the money to buy more "stuff": a car, an iPod, or a new outfit for the coming school year. This attitude towards money breeds irresponsibility. We are taught to spend, not to save. If we want something, we should buy it on impulse. Where are the parents in this cycle? They hand over the cash in the form of allowances, credit cards, and "love me" gifts. Among my friends, many kids who grew up in broken homes or double-income households receive money as gifts when the parents can't spend time with their kids. In essence, they were saying, "I don't have time for you, so here is some money; go buy something you want." Or so I have been told by teenagers in this situation. All this money being shoved at teenagers with no bills to pay leaves them with a wad of cash just begging to be spent.

Give Examples of Needs Wants and Demands That Build-a-Bear Custom

1. Needs ,Wants and Demands That Build-A –Bear customers demonstrate. Needs it is when every customer of Build-A-Bear needs a stuff toy when they purchase from the store. It is the basic product that Build-A-Bear must produce. Wants those are the options of the customer to customize the stuff toy or the product like the dress me filled accessories galore, name me where a birth certificate is created with child selected-name and accessories using the high-tech available. Demands these are wants of the customers where they request to Build-A-Bear. It is the option of Build-A-Bear to make to cater the demands of the customer.BUILD A BEAR’S ACTIONS : Customers’ needs for toys are satisfied through selling stuffed animals and bears. To fulfill customers’ wants to have a unique toy or bear, they have made an environment where which is a cartoon land or a fantasy where their desired toys can be manufactured by themselves. To meet the customers’ demand of a dding accessories to their self created toy, Build A Bear offers different accessories which raises the price of the toy. A customer will add only as much accessories as its buying power. 2. In detail, describe all of Build-A-Bear’s product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction?FACETS OF BUILD A BEAR PRODUCT: The eight facets are shaped into eight workstation through which their toy is processed step by step with the help of workers. The facets are: a) CHOOSE ME: Where customers select an animal of his choice to be stuffed. b) STUFF ME: They blow in the stuffing as much as he/she wants. c) HEAR ME: Where the customer adds a voice box. d) STITCH ME: Where the child stitches the animal shut. e) FLUFF ME:Here blow drying spa treatment is done. f) DRESS ME: The animal is dressed here. g) NAME ME: At this point the birth certificate of the toy is made in the name of†¦ [continues] Give Examples of Needs Wants and Demands That Build-a-Bear Custom 1. Needs ,Wants and Demands That Build-A –Bear customers demonstrate. Needs it is when every customer of Build-A-Bear needs a stuff toy when they purchase from the store. It is the basic product that Build-A-Bear must produce. Wants those are the options of the customer to customize the stuff toy or the product like the dress me filled accessories galore, name me where a birth certificate is created with child selected-name and accessories using the high-tech available. Demands these are wants of the customers where they request to Build-A-Bear. It is the option of Build-A-Bear to make to cater the demands of the customer.BUILD A BEAR’S ACTIONS : Customers’ needs for toys are satisfied through selling stuffed animals and bears. To fulfill customers’ wants to have a unique toy or bear, they have made an environment where which is a cartoon land or a fantasy where their desired toys can be manufactured by themselves. To meet the customers’ demand of a dding accessories to their self created toy, Build A Bear offers different accessories which raises the price of the toy. A customer will add only as much accessories as its buying power. 2. In detail, describe all of Build-A-Bear’s product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction?FACETS OF BUILD A BEAR PRODUCT: The eight facets are shaped into eight workstation through which their toy is processed step by step with the help of workers. The facets are: a) CHOOSE ME: Where customers select an animal of his choice to be stuffed. b) STUFF ME: They blow in the stuffing as much as he/she wants. c) HEAR ME: Where the customer adds a voice box. d) STITCH ME: Where the child stitches the animal shut. e) FLUFF ME:Here blow drying spa treatment is done. f) DRESS ME: The animal is dressed here. g) NAME ME: At this point the birth certificate of the toy is made in the name of†¦ [continues]

Black Psychology essays

Black Psychology essays The mission of policemen in America is to serve and protect, but if one reviews the recent history of the police force across the country, one is forced to ask: who is doing the protecting? Africans in America are far too often the victims of police violence, and very infrequently the beneficiaries of it. The police force exists as part of the distorted view of life given to us by the ruling elites. At the root of this twisted unreality is a social system based on economic and racial control. The police force itself is not an inherently evil thing, just a tool to enforce this control. Their effectiveness in maintaining this control would be far less effective if the ideologies underlying the control where not in place. These ideologies are multi-faceted; I will merely bring out a few here. The first is the ideology of blaming the victim, which is the subject of a book by the same name. Blaming the victim holds, quite innocuously it seems at first, that people ought to be held perso nally responsible for their actions. The logic goes: if you commit a crime, you ought to suffer the consequences. Secondly, the social order defines what crime is. Most often criminal behavior has little to do with absolute standards of justice and more to do with who has the money to justify and sanitize their illegal behavior. White-collar criminals engage in far more heinous behavior without getting caught than the criminals who commit muggings, theft, or drug sales. Thirdly, criminalization of certain behaviors has racial undertones-the overwhelming public perception of crime is linked with people of color, most specifically black males. These all have implications for the sanctioning of violence by the police force. In the first place, blaming the victim allows policemen to engage in any action that escalates the level of violence, if it can be demonstrated that such a use of force was necessary to subdue the criminal. Using...

History of the Zeppelin essays

History of the Zeppelin essays It is worth mentioning that the rigid dirigibles pioneer had but one prior experience in air travel and no engineering background whatsoever. Count Ferdinand Von Zeppelin was a Prussian military veteran who dreamed of building a fleet of airships to give his homeland an advantage over France in the event of a war. No flying vehicles outside of the balloon existed at this time Zeppelins idea, in short, was to add a skeleton to the existing balloon design to make it easily steered. The Counts vision was rather regal his airships were to be giant and luxurious, looming warbirds to rule the sky. His first test vessel, the LZ 1 (Luftzeppelin), was indeed quite large, 420 feet long and 38 feet in diameter. However, the weight of the ship itself, with its engines and ballast, was a massive 26.4 thousand pounds. This left roughly 600 pounds for cargo, including passengers. Moreover, the craft was only able to fly for 18 minutes. The Count scrambled for more funds to improve his design, but the LZ 2 was not a great step forward. During its test run, both engines failed and the airship crashed into the ground. Count Von Zeppelins tenacity did not allow him to give up on his design. His 3rd test, the LZ 3, flew for over two hours, carrying 11 passengers at 25 miles per hour. It was his LZ 3 that finally gained the military attention Zeppelin had desired if he could perfect his craft to maintain flight for 24 hours, the German War Department would purchase and develop his design. The Count added rear stabilizing fins to keep the craft from pitching dangerously in the wind. His upgraded LZ 3 flew for 8 consecutive hours over a distance of 220 miles; impressive, but far short of the target 24 hours. The LZ 3 ultimately was too small for this feat. A larger craft, one that could hold more fuel and more cells of gas, was necessary to meet the quota. Thus the LZ 4 was developed,...

Definition and Examples of Inflections in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Inflections in English Grammar Inflection refers to  a process of word formation in which items are added to the base form of a word to express grammatical meanings. The word inflection comes from the Latin inflectere, meaning to bend. Inflections in English grammar include the genitive s; the plural -s; the third-person singular -s; the past tense -d, -ed, or -t; the negative particle nt; -ing forms of verbs; the comparative -er; and the superlative -est. While inflections take a variety of forms, they are most often prefixes or suffixes. They are used to express different grammatical categories. For example, the inflection  -s  at the end of dogs shows that the noun is plural. The same  inflection  -s  at the end of  runs  shows that the subject is in the third-person singular (s/he runs). The inflection -ed is often used to indicate the past tense, changing walk to walked and listen to listened. In this way, inflections are used to show grammatical categories such as  tense,  person, and number. Inflections can also be used to indicate a words part of speech. The prefix en-, for example, transforms the noun gulf into the verb engulf. The suffix -er transforms the verb read into the noun reader. In The Frameworks of English, Kim Ballard writes, When considering inflections, it can...be helpful to use the notion of a  stem.  A stem is what remains of a word when any inflections are removed from it. In other words, inflections are added to the stem of a word. So  frogs  is made up of the stem frog  and the inflection  -s, while  turned  is made up of the stem  turn  and the inflection  -ed. Inflection Rules English words follow different rules for inflection based on their part of speech and grammatical category. The most common rules are listed below. Part of Speech Grammatical Category Inflection Examples Noun Number -s, -es Flower → FlowersGlass → Glasses Noun, Pronoun Case (Genitive) -'s, -', -s Paul → Paul'sFrancis → Francis'It → Its Pronoun Case (Reflexive) -self, -selves Him → HimselfThem → Themselves Verb Aspect (Progressive) -ing Run → Running Verb Aspect (Perfect) -en, -ed Fall → (Has) fallenFinish → (Has) finished Verb Tense (Past) -ed Open → Opened Verb Tense (Present) -s Open → Opens Adjective Degree of Comparison (Comparative) -er Smart → Smarter Adjective Degree of Comparison (Superlative) -est Smart → Smartest Not all English words follow the rules in this table. Some are inflected using sound changes known as vowel alternations, the most common of which are ablauts and umlauts. The word teach, for example, is marked as past tense by changing its vowel sound, producing the word  taught (rather than teached). Likewise, the word goose is pluralized by changing its vowel sound to produce the word geese. Other irregular plurals include words like oxen, children, and teeth. Some words, such as must and ought, are never inflected at all, no matter the context in which they appear. These words are considered invariant. Many animal nouns share the same singular and plural forms, including bison, deer, moose, salmon, sheep, shrimp, and squid. Conjugation The inflection of English verbs is also known as conjugation. Regular verbs follow the rules listed above and consist of three parts: the base verb (present tense), the base verb plus -ed (simple past tense), and the base verb plus -ed (past participle). For example, following these rules, the verb look (as in, I look around the room) becomes, in both the simple past tense and the past participle, looked (I looked around the room, I have looked around the room). While most verbs follow these conjugation rules, there are over 200 words in the English language that do not. These irregular verbs include be, begin, bid, bleed, catch, deal, drive, eat, feel, find, forget, go, grow, hang, have, hide, leave, lose, meet, pay, prove, ride, ring, seek, send, shall, shine, show, sing, spin, steal, take, tear, wear, and win. Since these words do not follow the rules for most English verbs, their unique conjugations must be learned on their own. ​Sources S. Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996.R. Carter and M. McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006.Kim Ballard, The Frameworks of English: Introducing Language Structures, 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.A. C. Baugh, A History of the English Language, 1978.Simon Horobin,  How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Chicano Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chicano Culture - Essay Example It was the only instrument that was popular among the Chicanos in Texas in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Later on saxophone was also used by the conjuncto groups. The conjuncto style was considered similar to the norteno music which was common in Northern Mexico. Although initially the conjuncto style was popular among the Chicanos working class, it gradually spread to other regions of America and became well known among the non-Chicanos. (Castro, 63) The band concept was like a ritual process in the East Los Angeles and the eastside musicians satisfied the passion for music of the audiences. The eastside sound was formed with adopted genres like â€Å"rhythm and blues, soul, rock, funk, salsa and Mexican traditional forms†. Eastside music was influenced both by American and Mexican cultures. It was more popular among the â€Å"lowrider car clubs, street gangs and high school teens†. (Loza, 95) Narciso Martinez who was born in Mexico but grew up in Texas is known as the one who was gave birth to conjuncto music. He was a professional accordion player and he did his first recording in 1935. As the recording proved to be a huge success, its date is considered as the birth date of conjuncto music. Another popular contemporary accordion player was Santiago Jimenez who did his first recording of songs in 1936. (Castro, 63-64) The success story of the eastside music is of tragedy as musicians like Ritchie Valens who popularized Mexican rock and roll version with hits like Donna died early in a plane crash. Another important person was producer Eddie Davis who recorded eastside groups in the 1960s and 1970s. (Loza, 96) By 1962, eastside music was made popular in nightclubs by Davis and his partner Billy Cardenas. One popular eastside musical group was formed by Salsa brothers who sang Mexican rancheras and boleros in family reunions. (Loza, 96-97) Conjuncto music became more popular among the ballroom dance culture

Assessment and Theraputics2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment and Theraputics2 - Essay Example Yet, regardless of this, many patients still have to deal with excruciating pain after surgical processes operated on them. Nurses still don’t have the necessary skills for pain management and this continues to affect patients in a very negative way. This document looks at this issue from a case study point of view with a regard to understanding this issue and looking at how the individual nurses can use the Tunner’s Model which is a four step model for nurses to apply clinical Judgement. Part I There are a number of advantages associated with treating post-operative pain. The main advantage is related to the fact that nursing is about returning the patient to his or her normal state before the health problem at hand. Surgical operation on a patient treats one health issue but can leave the patient with other health issues such as excessive pain. In such a case, a surgical process cannot be considered as complete in terms of healing the person until the pain associated with it is overcome. Treating the patient in order to manage this pain and eliminate it is therefore a vital part of treatment and the sooner the pain is dealt with the sooner the patient can get back his or her health (D’Arcy, 2012). Failing to manage this pain would mean that the patient will not be able to get their health back. Pain varies in intensity and postoperative pain can be so excruciating to the amount of death if not well managed. Different people respond differently to pain and this difference can lead to different health implications for different individuals. In this regard, it is the role of the nurse to be able to look at the patient and understand how the postoperative pain is affecting their health and be able to deal with this as soon as possible and in the most efficient way possible (Bell & Duffy, 2009). Failing to manage postoperative pain can lead to two main issues. To being with, it can lead to over-delayed discharge of the patient which will defin itely affect the efficiency of the hospital as well as the cost of healthcare to the patient or whoever is footing the bill for the patient. At the same time, it can lead to complications on the patient’s recovery process and sometimes lead to more issues which were not existent before the surgery. However, the bottom line of postoperative pain treatment should be based on the fact that the patient has a right to minimised pain in post-operative situations (Layzell, 2008). Part II Noticing Noticing is a very important part of the clinical judgement process as it provides for the basis of treatment before any other implicit knowledge is gained with regard to the customer (Tanner, 2006). With regard to Josie, there are a number of issues which the nurse could be able to look at in this regard. As seen in the case study, Josie has a history of other medical issues which may contribute to her response to the post-operative pain not being very well. As a diabetic, there may be oth er issues which the nurse may want to consider as Josie goes through the process of surgery. These include such explicit information such as her glucose levels, her body temperature levels, her heartbeat rates etc. These details are important in order to identify any issues which might arise during and or after the survival process. After the surgery, tracking information about her heartbeat, the glucose levels (especially due to her diabetic condition), her

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

No topic - Essay Example Some women had been married by Americans during the Second World War. The Chinese fled from China from Communism and settled in various towns such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago and Boston. Their immigration was in line with the 1965 act, which lessened the restrictions on Asian immigration. Most of them enrolled for education and worked their way up the social ladder. The Asian Exclusion Act had prevented the immigration of Asians laborers. The social mobility is also associated with their economic development within the ethnic group. Geographically, the Chinese immigrants are known to be settled in peculiar China towns in the American society. New immigrants often join them and continue living in ethnic groups. Chinese tradition is upheld and often consulted for dispute settlement and provision of moral guidelines. A portion of the Chinese immigrant is illiterate.    The Japanese immigrants are spread within the American society. They engaged in business beyond their ethn ic group and obtained  higher level of education. They immigrants have values which go along with the American values such as respect, hard work and politeness. Education is given importance and most of the Japanese immigrants are literate. A large number of the immigrants have professional education or technical skills in specific field. Creating and maintaining relationships is significant hence they use such relationships to form business groups. It can be argued that they have integrated in the American society. California enacted a bill that restricted Japanese immigrants. Those who were contracted as laborers were able to become proprietors and they seemed to be a threat, thus foreigners were forbid from owning land. Asians and other immigrants took the place of the minority. Immigrants were required to poses a passport. Obtaining citizenship was a challenge and many remained as non-citizens. Restrictions on contracted laborers were enacted to secure employment for the Ameri can citizens. They could not vote or have any political representation. Many lived in fear of deportation. Those who needed services from the justice system feared being denied the services because of their race and stereotypes. Notions such as Americans against them (Asians) were common. There were restrictions that that required the immigrants to obtain a certain level of literacy. Asian immigrants are one of the fastest groups of immigrants with majority obtaining education and securing high income. They have maintained their identity and cultural values. The Immigrants remained few in number until the end of the Second World War. 2 Immigration patterns have been influences by the American stance after the Second World War. American foreign policy on immigration has been encouraging supremacy and global leadership and disassociating with isolation. The war brides act and the Lece Celler Act allowed the women engaged and married by Americans to immigrate. The act allowed a specifi c number of people in a year. Other immigrants who were refugees of war were also allowed. They gained citizenship and could seek for employment and enroll for education. After the Second World War, many immigrants were absorbed in the labor industry. Many of the women who had been called to join in the war returned to their homes while others remained. Many immigrants worked their way up the social ladder by enrolling for education and seeking

The Blue Booby James Tate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Blue Booby James Tate - Essay Example The blue of its feet is the blue of the sky and the sea where it lives. It is a blue that holds a fascination for the bird: this blue is the best collectible(they gather the blue /objects of the world ) as well as a cherished gift (the blue satisfies her/ completely, has /a magical effect/on her). On the surface, the poem is about these birds and these birds only. No mention is made of men or women throughout, only an adroit suggestion in the line: "from her day of/ gossip and shopping", which hints at a woman, and turns the entire poem into a masterly metaphor. The initial lines , with their alliteration of "The blue booby ... bare rocks", paints a picture of utter simplicity, of a bird living on unclad rocks, who "fears nothing": "It is a simple life:/ they live on fish,/ and there are few predators". A life without hunger or fear takes away most of the predicament that plagues the human situation, and the male bird is not particularly occupied with the many quandarys of attracting a mate: "the males do not/make fools of themselves/ chasing after the young/ladies". The simple, prose-like sentences convey just the right nuance of expression, and the use of the word "ladies", emphasizes the human comparison. The simple expedient for the blue booby is to build a bower of love w... ly empty package of harsh but very popular French cigarettes, probably left by an irresponsible male tourist, or blue-beaded jewelery lost by a woman exploring the island, or even pieces of blue serge, all valuable to the booby for its blueness, but all images evocative of human presence, each with a story of its own. For instance, the term Gaulois brings to mind the French "esprit gaulois"--the Gallic spirit, a lighthearted approach to life which does not believe in taking life too seriously, much like the blue booby. Tate stays focused on the theme, and does not let the language carry him away, as happens with most lists of articles in poems. The prose poem style with each line of the list beginning with "a" helps keep a sense of cadence, while narrating the objects. The list is a characteristic part of the blue booby mating ritual, a simple offering whose only value lies in the color, in a stark contrast with the often expensive gifts given by men in order to please a existing or potential partner. The poet's tone here is remote, detached, yet amused, especially with the mention of the beaded string and empty cigarette packet. In the next few lines, Tate talks about how the blue booby has become unconcerned with external demonstrations of virility down the millenniums: "replaces the need for/dazzling plumage; in fact, in the past/ fifty million years / the male has grown/ considerably duller,/nor can he sing well". There is no striking plumage in order to gain female attention like in other male birds. This is totally unlike his human counterparts, who, as men of the world, sometimes go to great lengths to gain visual appeal in the eyes of a woman or demonstrate entertainment skills in order to attract a mate. In the next paragraph, Tate goes on to

Art of early medieval europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art of early medieval europe - Essay Example These tables are so informative and they have lots of knowledge embedded within them. The Book of Kells contains all the four Gospels. It is of critical significance to note that majority of the texts found within the Book of Kells draw their origin from the original Bible. However, a number of the texts found in the Book of Kells are from Vulgate. It is important to acknowledge the fact that the Book of Kells was written in a Columbian monastery. One of the propositions is that the creation of the Book of Kells took place in Britain. However, there are several speculations that the creation of the Book of Kells took place in Ireland. In relation to this, majority of the people around the world majorly believe that the creation of the Book of Kells took place in Ireland. The reality surrounding the exact place of origin has made many scholars of the book spend more time in research. However, on this basis, a number of propositions have been put forward relevant to this. However, it is important to note that such propositions as well as suggestions have been contradictory. This has also created a sense of controversy following the discrepancies in similarity amongst the scholars’ findings. In addition, the exact date and time when the Book of Kells was created has also been a matter of discussion for many years. However, the most important thing to note irrespective of the different speculations, predictions as well as suggestions from the scholars is that the book has drawn lots of interest from several people around the world. It is believed that the Book of Kells was written by three key personalities2. These personalities have had various influences in certain key artistic aspects of the Ireland during such periods. They were very famous artists during the time when the Book of Kells was being written. As such, they took the roles of ensuring that the book had

The Blue Booby James Tate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Blue Booby James Tate - Essay Example The blue of its feet is the blue of the sky and the sea where it lives. It is a blue that holds a fascination for the bird: this blue is the best collectible(they gather the blue /objects of the world ) as well as a cherished gift (the blue satisfies her/ completely, has /a magical effect/on her). On the surface, the poem is about these birds and these birds only. No mention is made of men or women throughout, only an adroit suggestion in the line: "from her day of/ gossip and shopping", which hints at a woman, and turns the entire poem into a masterly metaphor. The initial lines , with their alliteration of "The blue booby ... bare rocks", paints a picture of utter simplicity, of a bird living on unclad rocks, who "fears nothing": "It is a simple life:/ they live on fish,/ and there are few predators". A life without hunger or fear takes away most of the predicament that plagues the human situation, and the male bird is not particularly occupied with the many quandarys of attracting a mate: "the males do not/make fools of themselves/ chasing after the young/ladies". The simple, prose-like sentences convey just the right nuance of expression, and the use of the word "ladies", emphasizes the human comparison. The simple expedient for the blue booby is to build a bower of love w... ly empty package of harsh but very popular French cigarettes, probably left by an irresponsible male tourist, or blue-beaded jewelery lost by a woman exploring the island, or even pieces of blue serge, all valuable to the booby for its blueness, but all images evocative of human presence, each with a story of its own. For instance, the term Gaulois brings to mind the French "esprit gaulois"--the Gallic spirit, a lighthearted approach to life which does not believe in taking life too seriously, much like the blue booby. Tate stays focused on the theme, and does not let the language carry him away, as happens with most lists of articles in poems. The prose poem style with each line of the list beginning with "a" helps keep a sense of cadence, while narrating the objects. The list is a characteristic part of the blue booby mating ritual, a simple offering whose only value lies in the color, in a stark contrast with the often expensive gifts given by men in order to please a existing or potential partner. The poet's tone here is remote, detached, yet amused, especially with the mention of the beaded string and empty cigarette packet. In the next few lines, Tate talks about how the blue booby has become unconcerned with external demonstrations of virility down the millenniums: "replaces the need for/dazzling plumage; in fact, in the past/ fifty million years / the male has grown/ considerably duller,/nor can he sing well". There is no striking plumage in order to gain female attention like in other male birds. This is totally unlike his human counterparts, who, as men of the world, sometimes go to great lengths to gain visual appeal in the eyes of a woman or demonstrate entertainment skills in order to attract a mate. In the next paragraph, Tate goes on to

Implementation of Balanced Scorecard by Citibank Essay

Implementation of Balanced Scorecard by Citibank - Essay Example Economics-based agency models underscore the significance of performance measure in align the goals of the agent with those of the principal. Economic-based models harness the use of traditional financial measures to evaluate whether the company’s strategy contributes to the bottom-line progress of the company. These models therefore attempt to examine the outcome from the strategy, and to translate the success of the strategy in financial terms. Citibank should select performance measures while reflecting on their real purposes and overall effect. In addition, they should indicate that the selection of the performance metric in incentive contracts should be a feature of the incremental information content for each measure with regard to an employee’s action choices. Citibank should exploit the full potential of the balancing score card in tracking the short-term financial results while at the same time tracking its progress in developing capacities and acquisition of the intangible assets that promote the growth of future financial performance. At this stage, Citibank should consider the three possible stages in which to consider the financial measures to evaluate, namely rapid growth phase, sustain phase and harvest phase. In the growth stage, I expect Citibank to evaluate increase in customer base, revenue surge or increase in sales. At the sustain stage, the bank should come up with measures that can effectively evaluate its overall performance, in which case it should consider financial measures like return on capital employed or return on investments (ROI). In the harvest phase, Citibank should probably come up with effective cash flow analysis to appraise its success in harvesting profits from established services or products(Christensen & Demski 2003). In brief, economics-based agency models concentrate on the significance placed on encouraging congruence between the agent and the principal’s goal (Pfeffer 1998). Psychology Psychology-based models study how the type of information applied in assessing performa nce is influenced by decision strategies and human-information processing capacities. Usually, they tend to deviate from the balanced choice models in economics and inquire much into how limitations of human-information processing and decision-making strategy affect the use of performance measures. Citibank should examine how its employee’s information processing abilities and their strategies for making decision affect the types of information

Intel China Essay Example for Free

Intel China Essay As we know from the case Intel is a big company which produces microprocessors and software. From the case we have three characters; Charles Tang, Yong Li, and Qing Chen. The issue of the case is the termination of a project that is been carried out by Li that must be terminated. In the case Tang informs Chen to inform Li that he will have to finish the project he is in due the objectives we not reached or followed. The main issue is that the manual of software that was originally supposed to be made by Li has turned into a book, therefore missing the purpose of the project. When Li is informed by Chen about the orders stated by Tang, Li gets upset and furious with Chen ignoring her authority. The reasons for Li to get upset are that he has developed self interests on the project. This lack of authority from Li could be a consequence of the power he indirectly gets from the guanxi he has built over the years with senior managers. Also the fact that Chen is a woman may have influenced his reaction. Tang should have communicated himself to Li about the project change due to the importance of the matter to Li. Also Charles attitude to fit a horizontal rather than a vertical communication flow. Things in America might work that way but in Chinese are not used to direct negative forms. When a Chinese wants to express a negative answer, he or she will never say no directly but they will go around the subject and look for excuses not to make it. All about saving face. Like Chen, any person who is humiliated losses face. In the case of Chen the questioning of her authority over Li was the fact that made her lose face. In a personal opinion the way Tang managed his personnel was inappropriate. As mentioned before, Tang should have informed directly to Li about his decision to move him to another project. In the case that Chen still communicates to Li the termination of the project Li should be punish for the reaction. By being a subordinate of Chen, Li must obey orders from above. Otherwise I believe that he should be reminded of his position in this company. Furthermore instruct Chen in the art of negotiation and human resource management. Another issue is Tang wanting to be â€Å"one of the bunch of Intel employees† which means that he wants to be considered and treated as one more which could confuse the employees used to almost not treating with their bosses. Again the big issue in this case seems to be communication. Tang must find a way to reach their employees in a fair and effective way so situations like this not happen again. Also the fact that he has been away from China so long may cause him to forget basics in treating with his compatriots.

State and Non-state Actors in International Politics

State and Non-state Actors in International Politics INTRODUCTION At the International scene, there are many players engaged in what is regarded as the game of international Politics. One of the oldest and universally acknowledged actors on the modern world stage is the state. A state is a type of polity that is an organized political community living under a single system of government[1]. A Political community is referred to as a government responsible for the citizens under the government. It has been earlier assumed that international relations are made up of the relations between states. International relations can be likened to a series of actions that promote interactions between states. Actors are entities that participate in or promote international relations. The two types of actors involved in international relations include State and non-state actors. State actors represent a government while non-state actors do not. However, they have impact on the state actors. A definition of world politics involving only states as the actors has been challenged since the late 1960s and the early 1970s, since many other actors have become way more involved in the process of international political. Due to this, international relations promotes International pluralism fostering national interactions. The forces of globalization and liberalization in the last three decades of the twentieth century have resulted in a transformation in the world economic structure, thereby undermining the ability of states to govern in full capacity. These great global transformations have had a major influence and have modified the traditional paradigm and theories of international relations, most especially the school of thought of realism due to its basic proposition that actors represent the states, and the states operate a system of anarchy. The realist school of thought has however been criticized for its focus on the state view of international relations and its shallow focus on the problems of war and peace. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS OF ACTORS IN WORLD POLITICS Actors in world politics, states and non-state actors, per Professor Ryo Osiba of Hitotsubashi University, can be defined as entities which have the following three features:[2] (a) They should have overall capacity to decide on their purposes and interests. (b) They should also have the capability to mobilize necessary resources to achieve these purposes and interests and be passionate about appealing for global cooperation. (c) Their actions should be significant enough to influence the state-to-state relations or the behaviour of other non-state actors in the global system. Inter-Governmental Organization Even if states are l the dominant actors on the world stage (which is still an argument), they are not at all the only ones. A group of very important players in the International scene is the intergovernmental organizations otherwise known as the IGOs. Intergovernmental organizations are established by states, most times through a treaty. The most well-known intergovernmental organizations are the United Nations (UN). Some other IGOs include the Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labour Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Food Programme, etc.[3]. Since, IGOs only operate by the consent of states, states maintain their sovereignty. Furthermore, most IGOs really do not possess the power to enforce state follow up with their decisions. At least, not without the help of powerful states. For example, since the United States is a permanent member of the UNs Security Coun cil, along with China, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom, it can veto any substantive UN resolution. In accordance to liberal institutionalism, states join Intergovernmental Organisations because it is in their interest to do so. Their membership makes certain problems easily solved and at a less cost than without them. Liberal institutionalism particularly, focuses on collective problems, such as the security dilemma, the appeal to execute competitive tariffs, and the difficulty in agreeing to protect the environment. [4] There is a need for States to correspond and work with one other to oversee other states to make sure that they are honouring their commitments to acknowledge many of the problems. For example, in the free trade case, the World Trade Organization was created to coordinate the negotiation of tariffs and to further provide a mechanism and avenue for the resolving of disputes. Some of these tasks will be more expensive and complicated to execute without the IGOs. There are situations where IGOs are not only created to solve problems but to provide platforms for discu ssion. Some examples of IGOs and their functions include[5]: IGO FUNCTION United Nations (UN) Maintain international peace and security. Develop friendly relations among nations. Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems. Function as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations World Bank This International Financial Institution works on reducing poverty. It helps developing countries by giving loans. The Group of Eight (G8) The Group of 8 is made up of the worlds leading industrial countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA and Russia). The head of the G8 countries meet each year to discuss global issues such as world poverty and security. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Military alliance. A system of collective defence where its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party Nongovernmental Organizations Not all actors play governmental roles in the International scene. Nongovernmental organizations, also called NGOs, are defined as non-profit organizations who advocate or otherwise pursue policies for the good of the public. Nongovernmental organizations are engaged in issues such as human rights humanitarian aid, economic development, and social welfare, among other things. Some well-known NGOs include the Red Cross, Greenpeace, Oxfam, and Amnesty International. Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) In the 21st century, many people have discovered that by being a part of Non-governmental organizations they could in a way participate in the global system and lobby to influence International organizations. Most have joined as members of one or more NGOs, which are more about members and not states, but have volunteers from populations of two or more states which have formed organizations to promote their shared interests and ideas to influence the policies of state governments and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). NGOs tackle many global problems and seek changes in the world for causes such as disarmament, environmental protection, human rights and many more. Most pursue objectives that are highly respected and constructive, and therefore do not provoke any controversy or arouse much opposition. NGOs interact with states, sub-state actors, MNCs, and other NGOs. NGOs are increasingly being recognized in the UN and other forums, as legitimate actors along with states but is not equal to them. Some of the groups have a political purpose, some a humanitarian one, some an economic or a technical one. There are times when NGOs combine efforts through transnational advocacy networks. By joining NGOs, many people found that they could participate in the global system and lobby to influence international organizations. Some examples of NGOs include: Amnesty International Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights for all. They conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated. Some of the issues that has been campaign are armed conflict issues and protection of civilians, basic welfare of children, LGBT rights, rights of people with AIDS, womens rights, disability rights, human impact of pollution and environmental degradation, freedom of the press and many more[6] Oxfam An international confederation of 17 organizations networked together in 92 countries, as part of a global movement for change, to build a future free from the injustice of poverty. The well-known organization works to help eliminate global poverty with long-term and sustainable solutions.[7] AIESEC links students worldwide World Wide Fund for Nature works on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment) and hundreds and thousands more of NGOs to go Wikimedia Foundation Is dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to providing the full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge. The Wikimedia Foundation operates some of the largest collaboratively edited reference projects in the world, including Wikipedia, a top-ten internet property[8] PATH It stands for Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, work with the private and public sectors to help with advancing technologies to address global health challenges. Political Groups that Advocate Violence (Terrorists) Terrorists or rather political groups that advocate violence might not call themselves NGOs, but they operate in the same manner which are by interacting both with states and with relevant populations and institutions through violence and planning attacks. These groups held great power and can influence the international relations between states[9]. A group that is currently active now is the Al-Qaeda. The incidence on the spectacularly destructive attack of September 11, 2001 by members of Al-Qaeda, has demonstrated the increasing power that technology gives terrorists as non-state actors. Other than that, the Al Qaeda also placed suicide bombers in U.S. cities, coordinate their operations and finances through Internet and global banking system, and reach a global audience with the videotaped exhortations of Osama bin Laden. International Criminal Groups: These actors are considered as transnational actors but they act in an illegitimate manner. Transnational criminals often operate in well-organized groups, intentionally united to carry out illegal actions. Groups typically involve certain hierarchies and are headed by a powerful leader. These transnational organized crime groups work to make a profit through illegal activities. Because groups operate internationally, their activity is a threat to global security, often weakening governmental institutions or destroying legitimate business endeavors. Most of these groups are involved in drugs, prostitution, human trafficking, firearms and many other crimes. Some examples of international criminal groups would be the Yakuza in Japan, the Sicilian Mafia in Italy and Triads in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and in countries with significant Chinese population. Multinational Enterprises Transnational Actors Transnational actors are actors that are active below the state level as well as across the state borders. There are two types of transnational actors. They are the transnational corporations(TNCs) or multinational corporations(MNCs) and the nongovernmental organizations(NGOs). Transnational Corporations(TNCs) / Multinational Corporations(MNCs). Other group of actors in International relations are Multinational companies. They are companies whose aims is to make profit and their business interests transcend across more than one state. Most times, these Multinational Enterprises do command vast amounts of resources that rival, and even surpass, the resources of smaller states. Examples of MNEs include: Dangote Group, Epson, Facebook, GlaxoSmithKline, Exon Mobil, etc. It is however important to note that these interests of Multinational Enterprises do not necessarily correspond with or favor the interests of the states in which they operate, or even with their home state where the Multinational Enterprises was formed and their headquarter situated. For example, an MNE may be opposed to trade sanctions on another state, even if its home state wants the sanctions to punish bad behavior, because the sanctions are bad for its business. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are companies that have headquarter in one state but invest and operate extensively in other states. MNCs are based in one state but have branches or subsidiaries operating in other states. In other words, MNC is a large corporation operating on a worldwide basis in many countries at the same time, with fixed facilities and employees in each. The types of MNCs are : Industrial corporations makes goods in factories in many countries and sell them to business and consumers in various countries. The largest MNCs are automobile, oil, and electronic industries. Almost all the MNCS are based in the G7 states. Examples of this MNCs are Sony, Honda, Toyota, Petronas and more. Financial corporations such as banks, they operate multi nationally with more restrictions than industrial corporations. Examples are Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (OCBC Bank) and others. Services Such as McDonalds fast-food chain, international airlines like MAS, Asiana Airlines and more, Hilton Hotels Resorts and many others. Multinational Corporations are becoming more powerful as independent actors. A great number of the industrial MNCs have annual turn over sales of billions of dollars. MNCs are most times able to match with most international organizations in terms of size and financial resources. The largest IGO (UN) has about 2 billion dollars a year in revenue, compare to more than 250 billion dollars for the largest MNC. The largest state (United States) has government revenues of 2 trillion dollars. Therefore, this shows that the power of MNCs does not rival the largest states but exceeds many poorer states and many IOs.[10] Multinational Corporations are viewed as citizens of a world beholden to no government[11]. They act internationally in the interests of their (international) shareholders and do owe no form loyalty to no state. They have the motivation maximize profits. MNCs operations support a global business infrastructure connecting a transnational community of businesspeople. MNCs also contribute to their host countrys development. As MNCs operate in other states, it will provide job opportunities for the locals in that state and thus, helped to stabilize the economy in that state.[12] In determining if States are still the most important players in International politics, it is important to examine theories related to this argument 1. Realism: Realism portrays the political system of the world as an anarchic struggle for power and security among competing states. Per realism, there is at all no higher authority than that of the states. Due to this, states in alliance with other states or individually, make provision for their own defence. Power therefore is the only means of achieving security. Security also follows from the willingness to act prevent any state from achieving a preeminent and threatening position in International politics. 2. Radicalism: this school of thought view International politics as organized in line with capitalist imperatives. International relations are structured, conceptualised and dominated by the unequal relationship between the developed and developing worlds. Therefore, a Radical systematic change is important to achieve security on a global platform, security here is understood as a factor of the satisfaction of basic needs for the population of the world irrespective of their national identity. 3. Liberal Internationalism: The liberal Nationalist view suggests that there are certain reasons to believe that the dominant identity of states might be weakening. International institutions, international law, International trade and international commerce have all contributed tremendously to the developing global community. So therefore, we should describe the world not just in terms of state interaction only but also in terms of an increasing community. why states are no loger the key actors Per the traditional perspective, states play the major role in international Politics but after the World War, communications technology has been on the rise, international division of labor and the expansion of global trade, a great number of international organizations have also established. The international scene has changed due to the forces of globalization. It is now of importance that states communicate with one other, which influence international political, economic, military and culture to a great degree. The increasing number of these organizations is parallel to the increasing levels of political, economic, military and cultural transactions between individuals, societies and states. These kinds of non-state actors challenge the state- centric perception. There are two prevailing theories about the role of the state in international relations. Neorealism emphasizes the state plays the most important role in international arena. On one hand, the state possesses sovereign power to insure domestic security. On the other hand, neorealism also stresses the state influence economy in international relations. Neoliberalism not only indicates that the state is the main behavior body in international system, but also affirms the role of non-states, such as international organization, transnational organizations and other kinds of social organizations. As a by-product of intensified globalization process, these kinds of organizations have become more significant determinants of foreign policies of the state. By looking at globalization, the proliferation of non-state actors is gaining international influence and position. Non-state actors can be divided into international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). International intergovernmental organizations are created by states. They have official document of government agencies. On the contrary, transnational or international non-governmental organizations are established not by the state, but by some group of businessmen, individuals and other societal units. They have no legal connection with the state, so they are genuinely transnational. But the state can restrain the activities of these kinds of organizations. There are several powerful organizations such as the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations. Though these organizations own strong power in the international relations, they are entire operate by states. Along with the intensification of globalization the growth of so many kinds of non-state actors is bound to influence the status of the state in international relations. But they cannot substitute for the state. The state is still the most important actor in international relations. The role of the state in the international economy, politics and climate The question of whether the advent of Globalization can lead to extinction of State importance in the International hemisphere would be examined. Cristopher Clapham believes that the globalization is at the core of human existence such that it can be found in every sphere of importance such as the economy, politics and climate[13] The influence on globalization on the economy from State level to the world stage cannot be overemphasised but the State still has legitimate power on certain levels. If a company is to establish its organization in a State, t is under the jurisdiction of that State. The state wield the authority to allow, suspend or close down any operating company within its territory. This point tends to the State the most important actor in international politics as it has the right to determine the scope of a companys operations. States are the components of International politics and it(international politics) is significant in fostering international cooperation, conducting business and ensuring world peace among States. The peace of the world is of grave importance in international politics. The world peace is not attainable by just a state. This goal of peace is only brought out by the endeavour of the whole world. International organizations are making great deal of efforts to prevent any form of chaos that can be caused by war, but still the mantle rests on the shoulders of the state to play the major role in international Politics. Global warming is another issue gradually become a significant in the world due to climate globalization. The negative effects of global warming could have adverse effects on the climate such as the rising of sea levels which affects the world as a whole. States have taken it upon themselves to eradicate this problem by drafting policies. An example of an international agreement called the Kyoto Protocol has been formulated to ensure States take actions necessary to cut down pollution and prevent greenhouse effect. It is worthy to note that such policies can only to d rafted by Stats and International organizations can only support them in actualising these goals. This further proves the importance of states in the international hemisphere. After reviewing the more general treatment of actors in different theoretical perspectives, and if non-state actors are a factor to be reckoned with in the study of world politics, it is important to conceptualize these types of actors. Non-State Actors are most times seen as very having little influence on world politics especially from the perspectives of the realist and other state centric, according to them, it is predominantly states that retain power in international relations but this assumption has been faulted because when realism and liberalism were developed as consistent theories, the influence of non-state actors was indeed very limited and close to non-existence Second, by focusing on the state as main actors, state-centric theories overlook the importance of indirect influence of Non State actor. Watzlawick, Weakland Fisch (dentify two types of change: First order change describes the change within a system, whilst second order change is the change of the system itself, therefore could be considered as meta-change. Although Watzla wicket al. Were concerned with change on the psychological level of human interaction, they note that their concept of change is also applicable to a wide variety of systems. In the system of international politics, first order change is a change that is part of the system and the political structure actors engage in, and thus plays a part retaining the current political structure. Second order change however will lead to a substantial change of the political structure and the way that political actors interact. However, it is necessary to note that an actor may affect international relations, even though it is not in the way desired by the actor itself. This would be the case if the action of an actor is met with fierce resistance, which would consequentially change the system in a way not desired by the original actor. NSAs have been defined as actors that do not represent the states, but act on an international level. They include: Intergovernmental organisations), transnational corporations, non-governmental organisations, epistemic communities (i.e. Networks of scientists and experts and others which include criminal and terrorist organisations. With regard to the first group, IGOs, there is a disparity whether they can be considered as real NSA, because they are set up and controlled by governments of nation states it is necessary to consider the influence exerted by NSAs on a multi-level basis. For example, a NSA may try to influence international l politics by lobbying on the domestic level of a state or in international organisations. TNCs are international corporations with offices and products in different countries. Multi-National Companies can exercise a huge influence on local laws. An example of this is the US-based TNC Texaco, whilst operating in Ecuador, was technically immune to hum an rights claims]. The company dumped toxic waste in the Amazon region. In realism theory, it is assumed that a sovereign country-in this case Ecuador-has to ensure that human rights are enforced, and has the power to do so .Hence ,TNCs only indirectly accountable for human rights obligation s through government regulation .But due to the importance of foreign investment ,particularly for developing countries ,particularly developing countries cannot follow their obligations (Texaco ,with global earning s four times the size of Ecuadors GDP ,was able to operate as a state unto itself Admittedly ,it could be argued that Texaco acted as a pro -longed arm of the United States There have been cases where Multinational companies have been able to exercise significant influence over their home countries .As demonstrated, TNCs show a high capacity for first order change ,although often indirectly by using governments and international organisation . There is a considerable structural dependence of states on Multi National Companies, which will make policy maker s take business interests into account when drafting legislation without being pressured. However, it is difficult to account for such indirect powers without political activity, because they are not trace able. NGOs are non-profit, non-violent organisations that are not set up by the government and are not trying to get hold of power. Examples are the French civil rights group La Quadraturedu Net, Amnesty International and the role of foreign NGOs involved in the Ukrainian Orange Revolution will be investigated. La Quadrature is a civil right s organisation that lobbies for net neutrality on European level. It takes position for ne t neutrality and against copyright extension and software patents and is supported by the American Electronic Frontier Foundation In their recent campaign against the three strikes approach, proposed under the French EU presidency, La Quadrature was quite successful in achieving their goals. Most of the amendments they lobbied against were rejected and s ome of their own proposals put into place instead. Within the framework of intergovernmental organisations, this capacity gives it greater power than any single government (Willets 1982, p24, ascitedin: Arts2003, p7). Thus, after an extensive campaign against torture, Amnesty International co-drafted the anti-torture convention Again, one might question the relevance of Amnesty sanctions. However, Arts (2003) notes that there salting treaty we profound change in the underlying principle of the international community and affected states sovereignty; states could no longer refer to human rights abuses as internal matters. American NGOs supporting the Ukrainian democracy movements have often been criticised for taking sides to increase US influence over the Ukraine. But Wilson (2006) notes that oppositional NGOs were not overly advantaged by Western funds, although support for governmental initiatives was cutback in consequence of a lack of co-operation by the Ukrainian government .Ev en so, pre-revolutionary backing for the government Russia was significantly higher than overall Western funds(Wilson2006).Instead ,oppositional NGOs used their money much more effectively and Western-funded exit polls proved an important tool in preventing voting fraud (Wilson2006).The resulting regime change affected Ukrainian-Russian relations drastically and it has been suggested that it is partly responsible for quarrels over gas prices that affected EU gas deliveriesinwinter2008(Wilson2006,Willershausen 2008). Ithancommercialones(BusÂÂ ´e2001). But binding such NSAs into international agreements banning land mines presents severe complications to international politics. Many NSAs are not willing to sign a ban, whereas some states refuse to join the ban, because hostile NSAs are still using land mines. Additionally, monitoring is difficult. Military NSAs are not bound to law of the state the operate in, precisely because this state cannot retain control. (BusÂÂ ´e2001 ) Therefore, BusÂÂ ´e(2001) stresses the importance of Recognising the relevance of NSAs in international politics individually, NGOs tend to operate on small single-issues, and have much less competencies compared to governments. The sheer number of NGOs still makes the man important actor on the international scene, maybe not individually but as a whole(Arts2003).However ,as demonstrated ,NGOs are not only capable of first order change ,but in the case of Amnesty ,also second order change, by changing the structure of state interaction Terrorist and military guerilla groups affect international politics in a different way .Thus ,in disintegrating states ,some NSAs are the de-facto government(BusÂÂ ´e2001,Cusimano-Love2002).This does not only poses severe problems for the local population but also complicates the political interaction on an international level. According to BusÂÂ ´e (2001) land mines pose a major problem as they contaminate land even years after wars , and because se lf-produced land mine soft en used by military NSAs are even more dangerous Particularly after the cold war and within creasing globalisation, NSAs were able to fill gaps left by declining state influence over political, social and economic conditions (Cusimano-Love2002,Jochnick1999). NSAs benefited drastically from increasing globalisation. The increasing importance of international media and Internet has given NGOs a platform to connect with other NGOs and raise support and awareness for the issues they stand for .Additionally ,human rights groups have been given important tasks in securing the survival of people in humanitarian crises (

Governance in the CNMI Essay -- Unicameral, Bicameral, legislature, Uni

Is the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) better yet with a Unicameral Legislature or with the current Bicameral Legislature? According to Wikipedia, the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature is defined as the territorial legislature of the United States of America (Wikipedia). The legislative branch of the Marianas is bicameral. It consist of twenty members in the lower House of Representatives, and an upper house Senate with nine members. The Representatives serve two-year terms, and the Senators serve four-year terms, both without term limits. Both houses of the legislature convene and conduct their meetings on the Island of Saipan, the capital island of the Northern Mariana Islands. The House seats are elected in seven districts. Two districts have one seat each, one for Tinian & Aguiguan, and one for Rota. The remaining five districts elect multiple members, two with three members and two with six members which are all located in Saipan. According to the Mariana Islands Constitution, the requirements for House of Representative are a minimum age of 21, must be a residence of the Commonwealth for at least three consecutive years, and a registered voter in the district you represented. Reapportionment occurs every ten years following the census. Together with the Senate, the Constitution permits the Legislature to enact a higher residence requirement (CNMI Government laws). The Senate seats are divided into three districts containing three seats each from Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The Senate seats are divided into two classes that are similar to the classes of the United States Senate. One class consisting of a single Senator from each district, and the second class consisting of two Senators from... ... Mariana Islands, 1998- 2013. Web. Retrieved from http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/northern_mariana_islands.htm Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Country Brief. Home page. Bilateral, Sept. 2013. Web. Retrieved from http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/cnmi/ Farrell, Don. â€Å"Tinian: A Brief History.† Tinian. (Original work published 2012) Northern Marianas Commonwealth. Home page. Legislature, 2006. Web. Retrieved from http://www.cnmiago.gov.mp/government.html Covenant of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Home page. Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands Covenant. Law revision commission, 2013. Home Page. Web. Retrieved from http://cnmilaw.org/cnmicovenant.html Farrell, Don. Personal Interview. 26 Nov. 2013 Cruz, Peter. Personal Interview. 29 Nov. 2013

The Direct And Indirect Impact Of Rhetoric Essay -- essays research pa

The Direct and Indirect Impact of Rhetoric   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world that we live in, rhetoric always affects and is a part of everything that happens. Rhetoric, in its broadest sense, is communication, and how people relate to each other. The movie The Color Purple is about relationships. Therefore rhetoric plays a very important role in this movie. Throughout The Color Purple the impact of rhetoric can be seen in two groups of people, the communicator, or rhetor, and the audience. Celie, the main character of the movie, shows the impact of rhetoric in almost every aspect of her life. The effects of rhetoric in Celie's life are apparent through her relationships with Mr. Johnson, Shug Avery, and Sofia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship that Celie has with Mr. Johnson is unbalanced from the first time they meet. Celie's complacent and gentle nature leave her at the mercy of Albert Johnson's more dominant attitude. The rhetoric that she expresses to him, of innocence and always complying to his orders, forces her to live a large portion of her life sheltered and overshadowed by Albert, who continuously beats her into submission. Celie also passes on what she learned from â€Å"Mister† to his son Harpo, the rhetoric of â€Å"the importance of a man giving his wife a good beating.† Albert Johnson does not even realize how important Celie is to him until she is gone. At that poi... The Direct And Indirect Impact Of Rhetoric Essay -- essays research pa The Direct and Indirect Impact of Rhetoric   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world that we live in, rhetoric always affects and is a part of everything that happens. Rhetoric, in its broadest sense, is communication, and how people relate to each other. The movie The Color Purple is about relationships. Therefore rhetoric plays a very important role in this movie. Throughout The Color Purple the impact of rhetoric can be seen in two groups of people, the communicator, or rhetor, and the audience. Celie, the main character of the movie, shows the impact of rhetoric in almost every aspect of her life. The effects of rhetoric in Celie's life are apparent through her relationships with Mr. Johnson, Shug Avery, and Sofia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship that Celie has with Mr. Johnson is unbalanced from the first time they meet. Celie's complacent and gentle nature leave her at the mercy of Albert Johnson's more dominant attitude. The rhetoric that she expresses to him, of innocence and always complying to his orders, forces her to live a large portion of her life sheltered and overshadowed by Albert, who continuously beats her into submission. Celie also passes on what she learned from â€Å"Mister† to his son Harpo, the rhetoric of â€Å"the importance of a man giving his wife a good beating.† Albert Johnson does not even realize how important Celie is to him until she is gone. At that poi...

Ratio analysis Essay

Ratio analysis is a tool brought by individuals used to evaluate analysis of information in the financial statements of a business. The ratio analysis forms an essential part of the financial analysis which is a vital part in the business planning. There are 3 different ways of assessing businesses performance and these are: solvency, profitability and performance. Ratio analysis assists managers to work out the production of the company by figuring the profitability ratios. Also, the management can evaluate their revenues to check if their productivity. Thus, probability ratios are helpful to the company in evaluating its performance based on current earning. By measuring the solvency ratio, the companies are able to keep an eye on the correlation between the assets and the liabilities. If, in any case, the liabilities exceed the assets, the company is able to know its financial position. This is helpful in case they wish to set up a plan for loan repayment. Ratio analysis is also helpful in analysing the performance of a company. Through financial analysis, companies can review their performance in the past years. This is also helpful in identifying their weaknesses and improving on them. Polish Fine Foods needs to use ratio analysis because it is a valuable tool for the business’s management to determine the performance of a business and to control the cost measures when necessary. Also, ratio analysis helps them monitor and identify issues that can be highlighted and resolved. However, ratio analysis doesn’t take into account external factors such as a worldwide recession. Measuring the Solvency of Polish Fine Foods Now, I will use 2 rations to measure the solvency of Polish Fine Foods. First, I will calculate the current ratio for Polish Fine Foods. This estimates whether the business can pay debts due within one year from assets that it expects to turn into cash within that year. It is measured dividing current assets by the current liabilities. By looking at balance sheet I can see that Polish Fine Food’s current asset value is  £28500 and the current liability value is  £17000. I will need to divide  £28500 by  £17000 to find out the current ratio. This would give me an answer of  £1.7. This means that for each  £1 owned they have  £1.70 current asset. The figure should normally not fall below 1.5. If it reaches a value of 1 then there might be concerns  there about not being able to meet the debts of the short-term assets. However, we can see that Polish Fine Food’s current ratio tells us that this is a solvent business. This means that it is able to settle its debts when they are due to be paid. If the business is not solvent, then it means that it can’t do this. Being solvent would help the business to maintain their confidence. On the other hand, if the current ratio goes higher than 2 might indicate that too much finance is tied up in a short-term assets, which can result that not too much money are being used within the organisation. Secondly, I will measure the acid test. This is the same as the current ratio; however it is a harsher test of ability to settle short-term debts. It is more accurate as it takes away the stock and shows how well a business can meet its current liabilities. To find out the acid test I first need to subtract stock from the current assets and then divide the current liabilities by the answer of that. So Polish Fine Food’s amount of stock is  £8500 from the current assets which is  £28500. The answer of the subtraction is  £20000. Now I would need to divide the answer by the current liability which is  £17000 which would give me the final acid test ratio of  £1.20. This calculation removes the uncertain variable of stock, which might be not too important to the business. Similarly, this data shows us that Polish Fine Foods is a solvent business and it has the ability to meet its short-term debts. The business could continue to operate as it is currently looking to be successful. With the current ratio of  £1.70 and the acid test of  £1.20 Polish Fine Foods is a stable business. It is a healthy figure and shows that the business is in a good position. We can see that  £0.50 was tied up in stock and this is not a lot. Both rations show that the business is able to pay for its debts and they can also earn more income which means that the business would gave more profit as the business is solvent. Measuring the Profitability of Polish Fine Foods Profitability ratios show a company’s overall efficiency and performance. To measure the profitability of Polish Fine Foods I will use 3 ratios. First ratio is gross profit margin. The gross profit margin looks at cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales. This ratio looks at how well a company controls the cost of its account and the manufacturing of its products. The larger the gross profit margin, the better for the company. To calculate the  gross profit margin I need to divide the gross profit by the sales and then time it by 100 to find the percentage. So, to find the gross profit margin for Polish Fine Foods I have to divide  £45900 by  £145400 and this would give me the answer  £0.3156. To find out the percentage, I now need to multiply it by 100 and the answer is 32%. The gross profit margin for Polish Fine Foods is used to compare how much value is added to an item in between being bought in as stock or materials and being sold by the business. A low gross profit margin could show that there are high stock costs or maybe that retail price is being too low. If the business has a high gross profit margin then it indicates that the business is financial stable. We can see that Polish Fine Foods doesn’t have a high gross profit margin- it is a bit more than a quarter. This means that the business is in a secure position. They could be more successful if they are going to try and sell all the stock they have first instead of getting other, so in this way the profit might increase. Next ratio that I’m going to use in order to measure the profitability of Polish Fine Foods is net profit margin. The net profit margin shows how much of each sales amount shows up as net income after all expenses are paid. The net profit margin measures profitability after consideration of all expenses including taxes, interest, and depreciation. To calculate the net profit margin I need to divide the net profit by the sales and then mul tiply by 100. Therefore, to find the net profit margin for Polish Fine Foods I need to divide  £14500 by  £145400 and this would give me an answer of  £0.0997. So after multiplying the answer by 100, I got 10% which shows the amount of net profit margin. This ratio is used to decide which of a range of products are worth continuing with. A low net profit margin might indicate that costs are too high. Polish Fine Foods’ net profit margin is quite low, so they could try to improve this by trying to sell the stocks first and then get other instead of buying lots of them at once which would get more money out. At the moment, the business is in a stable position, but they should try and reduce their costs in order to increase the profit they’re making. Lastly, I would use return on capital employed (ROCE) ratio to measure Polish Fine Foods’ profitability. This is the percentage return which makes the business able to generate the long-term capital employed. To calculate ROC, I need to divide the net profit by the capital employed and then multiply it by 100. Therefore, to fine the ROCE  for Polish Fine Foods I need to divide their net profit which is  £14500 by the capital employed which is  £24500; this will then give an answer of 0.591, and then multiply that by 100. The final answer for ROCE is 60%. This ratio has been used to show how efficiently a business is using its capital. The ROCE shows us now that Polish Fine Foods is doing well at the moment and they are using their money carefully. Polish Fine Foods overall has good ratios that currently keep them stable. Basically, all these ratios show the amount of profit generated by the company as a per cent of the sales generated. The objective of margin analysis is to detect consistency or positive or negative trends in a company’s earnings. Polish Fine Foods is doing well, and looks like it is a stable business. However, there is still place for improvement, e.g they c ould try and reduce their costs and increase their profits. Measuring the Performance of Polish Fine Foods A growing business needs to be closely and carefully managed to ensure the success of new investment and expanding plans. Putting performance measurements in place can be an important way of keeping track on the progress of their business. It gives vital information about what’s happening now and it also provides the starting point for setting targets that will help owner apply their plans for growth. Now I will measure the performance of Polish Fine Foods using 3 ratios. First ration is stock turnover. This measures how long stock is being held before it is replaced. To calculate stock turnover ratio I need to divide average stock by cost of sales and the multiply it by 365 days. To find Polish Fine Foods’ stock turnover I need to find the average stock first. The opening stock is  £5250 and the closing stock is  £8500. By adding them two and then divide it by 2, it would give me the average stock which is  £6875. Then I need to divide  £6875 by the cost of sales  £99500 and it would give me the answer of 0.06909547738. Then if I will multiply it by 365 it would give me the answer 25 days which is the average number of says the stocks are being held before being replaced. If the stock goes out of date and this could happen to Polish Fine Foods as their selling food, stock should be held for a shorter period of time. It is a disadvantage to the business if they held stock for a long period of time because it can be expensive and the stock can deteriorate in value. However, a high turnover of stock can be seen as an  indicator of a stable business. Polish Fine Foods has a low stock turnover, and this might be because it is a sole trader and it has been opened up recently. Polish Fine Foods can run successfully as they are able to sell their stock in less time than a month which means that the products don’t go out of date by the time they replace the stock. Next ratio I’m goi ng to use is debtor collection period. This measures how long debtors take to pay. To calculate debt collection period for Polish Fine Foods I need to divide  £18000 which is debtors by  £145400 being the sales and multiply the answer by 365 days. This gives me the answer 45 days, on average. It means that it takes 45 days for the debtors to pay the business. Other businesses allow the debtors 90 days until they pay the money. For Polish Fine Foods it only takes 45 days which means that is less time, so they won’t face any financial problems, struggling to get money from the debtors in order to buy some stock. This ratio shows that the business is performing well as they don’t face any cash shortage which would slow the business down. The last ratio I’m going to use in order to measure the performance of Polish Fine Foods is asset turnover. It measures how high the level of sales are in relation to the assets of the business. To calculate the asset turnover I have to divide the amount of sales by the assets. For Polish Fine Foods the sales amount is  £145300 and the assets value is  £24500. By dividing them two it would give me the answer of  £6. This shows that the business earns approximately  £6 in sales for every  £1. Knowing all this measurement is very important for the business owner because they can see how they are performing in different areas. Conclusion This report was written to illustrate the financial state of Polish Fine Foods. So I used accounting rations as evidence to measure its solvency, profitability and performance. First of all, I found out that Polish Fine Foods’s current ratio is 1.70. Another ratio I used is the acid test which gave me an answer of 1.20. This is the same as the current ratio; however it is a harsher test of ability to settle short-term debts. These ratios tell us that this is a solvent business. This means that it is able to settle its debts when they are due to be paid. If the business is not solvent, then it means that it can’t do this. Being solvent helps the business to maintain their confidence and make it operate more successfully. Another set of 3  ratios that show us the profitability of Polish Fine Foods are: gross profit margin which was 31.56%, net profit margin being 10%, then ROCE which is 60%. All these ratios show how well the business is running. Also, whether they are making any money and how profitable it is compared with other competitors. From all these ratios, I have found out that Polish Fine Foods is doing well at the moment. They are making enough profit to keep their business going, as they didn’t make any loss. Lastly, I measured the performance of Polish Fine Foods using 3 ratios: stock turnover which was  £6875; then it was debt collection period which was 45 days on average, and then the asset turnover which was  £6. Each of these ratios measure different segments of a company’s overall performance. These ratios look at how efficiently and effectively Polish Fine Foods is using its resources to generate sales and increase profit. This is important for the business because Ania can notice any unusual fluctuations in the financial ratios over time and can see how the business is performing. This could also help Ania decide whether or not to grow her business and turn it into a LTD as it would give her enough information to see if she is financial stable to do so.