Genocide in Rwanda Essay - 1123 Words

Genocide War is not a necessary evil humans must endure. Although, war is not necessary, humans go to war to try to gain power, fortune, and to spread their particular group’s religions and beliefs. By definition civilization is an advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions. The chaos of war is reflected in the semantic history of the word war. War can be traced back to the Indo-European root *wers-, â€Å"to confuse, mix up.† In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages, this root gave rise to several words having to do with†¦show more content†¦They also had begun organized slaughter, starting in the capital Kigali. They had killed nearly one million Rwandans in 100 days time. The first people to be killed were those most likely to resist the plan of genocide. Those people included the Prime Minister, the Prisdent of the constitutional court, priests, leaders of the Liberal Pary, etc. Also, those who did not immediately join the comapaign, like the governor of the south, were removed from their political positions and some politicians were killed. As the killing intensified, the international community deserted Rwanda. The US closed their eyes to the problems going on in Rwanda and Burundi because it did not affect them. Western nations landed troops in Rwanda or Burundi in the first week to evacuate their citizens, did so, and left. The UN mission (UNAMIR), created in October 1993 to keep the peace and assist the governmental transition in Rwanda, sought to intervene between the killers and civilians. It also tried to mediate between the RPF and the Rwandan army after the RPF struck from Rwanda to protect Tutsi and rescue their battalion encamped in Kigali as part of the Accord. On April 21, 1994, the United Nations Security Council, at the behest of the United States—which had no troops in Rwanda—Belgium, and others, voted to withdraw all but a remnant of UNAMIR. The Security Council tookShow MoreRelatedRwanda Genocide892 Words   |  4 Pages November 12, 2013 MAHG 5028 Religion and Genocide: Rittner Conversation Starter #12 Rwandan Genocide The Angels Have Left Us by Hugh McCullum, discusses the African tragedy that took place in Rwanda, which resulted in the murder of over one million victims. The Rwanda genocide was between two groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. Hutu were considered to be the natives and indigenous to the land, where Tutsi were considered to be the non-native settlers who were non indigenous. ThroughRead MoreThe Genocide Of Rwanda Genocide2044 Words   |  9 Pages It is estimated and recorded that, the 1994 Rwanda genocide, resulted to over 800,000 to a million deaths of the Tutsis that where brutally eliminated and murdered. This figure includes men, women and children who constitute three-quarter of the entire Tutsi population and 20% of Rwanda population at large. Rwanda Genocide generated a lot of criticism especially the role of France, the lip service attitude that resulted to the late intervention of the international community after the endRead MoreThe Genocide in Rwanda 1001 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Kagame, the President of Rwanda, once quoted that, â€Å"When we are unified, working together, no challenge is insurmountable† (Arnlaugsdottir). His quote holds meaning and truth as within the past twenty years, Rwanda has worked miraculously to rebuild and reunite the country that was left disheveled by social conflict and genocide. There are many factors that have contributed to the reconstruction of Rwanda, including international assistance, gacaca courts and International Criminal TribunalRead MoreThe Rwanda Genocide808 Words   |  3 PagesApril 7, 1994 marked the beginning of one hundred days of massacre that left over 800,000 thousand dead and Rwanda divided by a scare that to this day they are trying to heal. The source of this internal struggle can be traced back to the segregation and favoritism established by Belgium when they received Rwanda after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1918. At the time the Rwandan population was 14% Tuts i, 1%Twa, and 85% Hutus; the Belgian’s showed preferential treatment to the Tutsi, whoRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwanda Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pages In 1994, Rwanda was a situation of hatred and revenge tailored by European influence that mixed together to form the recipe for Genocide. Classical control of third world nations and exploitation by the west is nothing new. In Africa, the direction of the government is often manipulated by countries that have had historical control over them. The Genocide of Rwanda was a transfer of position that placed the Hutu people in a seat of power over the former rulers, which were the Tutsis elite. ThisRead MoreThe Genocide Of Rwanda s Genocide1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Genocide in Rwanda INTRODUCTION Genocides happen when ethnic divisions become apparent. Many times, these ethnic divisions were due to colonization from people of different race. These cases are especially true in Africa when Europeans colonized their territory, with clear racial divisions between them (Gavin). These genocides go on because of nations acting on ignorance and refusing to help out the nations in turmoil, allowing the genocides to continue, without wasting their own resources.Read MoreThe Rwanda Genocide Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe characteristics of the Rwanda Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust. The Rwanda Genocide targeted the Tutsis because of their ethnicity, while the Holocaust targeted the Jews because of their ethnicity and religion. To really understand the Rwandan Genocide and the Final Solution, one must understand the background of the two exterminated peoples. The Tutsis are an ethnic group that resides in the African Great Lakes region. During the Europeans settlements in Rwanda, the colonists need an identifierRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Rwanda Genocide1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe mind of a survivor of genocide can be various, violent, confused, or blank, it can scar the mind indefinitely or not. Not only are the conductors of the kill-spree are scary, but even the victims can be just as terrifying. Two examples of genocide are the Holocaust and the Rwanda Genocide, both of which gives off long ranges of psychological effects on the mind of those who survive. Survivors struggle through the tragic events with the hope they would soon find and be with their loved ones. SoRead MoreChristianity and Genocide in Rwanda800 Words   |  4 Pages Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda by Timothy Longman discusse s the roles of the churches in Rwanda and how their influence might have been able to alter the outcome of the genocide. He discusses the rise of Juvenal Habyarimana in politics with his Catholic background, church and state relations, and obedience to political authority. His slogan â€Å"Peace, Unity, and Development† were his political plans for Rwanda. On April 6, 1994, president Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane was shot down marking the beginningRead MoreHistory Of Rwanda And The Genocide1579 Words   |  7 PagesHISTORY OF RWANDA AND THE GENOCIDE It is believed that the Hutu and the Tutsi were originally one community who shared some value culture and even religion until the colonialist announced their arrival. Rwanda has experienced a disturbing and prolonged cycle of violent conflict since 1959. The conflict which has been characteristically political and socio-economic in nature has played out mainly on the basis of ethnicity and regionalism. It was first German and Belgium colonialism that created

The Comprehensive Addiction And Recovery Act Essay

In March, the Senate vow 94-1 to elapse the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act. The bill enable the barrister usual to contribute admit to rank, topical governments and no-emolument nest for playbill to encourage direction physic supervise, refute treat for fit, and distend prohibition, breeding and justice constraint initiatives. Opioid-induced costiveness near general application after a Super Bowl shoppy spotlight the mode former this year. Experts temper assembly liking AstraZeneca, which hoax a medicate to soften the station, can expectation to gain comprehensive improve, as the mart for such illegal drug is anticipate to become to $563 million in yearly sales by 2019. MethadoneMethadone is a far-reaching-histrionism opioid dosage. Unlike recreational drug, junk, oxycodone, and other habit-forming opioids that continue in the conceive and extent for only a lacking tempo, methadone has outcome that last for days. Methadone origin suspension, but—inasmuch as of its steadier control on the mu opioid receptors—it generate least toleration and allay desire and compulsive dope application. In title, methadone therapeutics watch to renormalize many aspects of the hormonal disruptions found in give individuals (Kling et al., 2000; Kreek, 2000; Schluger et al., 2001). For exemplify, it temperate the outrà © hydrocortisone accent answer (scatter above) that enhance the control of revert in stressful situations.Methadone manipulation subject regression degree, aidShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Comprehensive Addiction And Recovery Act1974 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Addiction is has been around for a long time. The fear of people becoming addicted to certain substances has lead to policies changes. However, there has not been a major federal law passed that dealt with addiction in over forty years. In 2016, President Obama signed a law that covered all the major points of addiction and recovery. This topic this important to me because some of my loved ones are addicts. I may also have clients that are addicts.This paper will take a look at thatRead MoreYouth Drug Use And Addiction1677 Words   |  7 PagesYouth Drug Use and Addiction Youth in the United States face challenges every day, some more than others. These challenges can be difficult to navigate and can leave these young people finding alternative ways to cope with the stress that accompanies these challenges. According to CBS News reports a recent survey indicates approximately two million teens between the ages of 12 and 17 currently need treatment for a substance abuse problem, but only about 150,000 get the help they need. This highRead MoreEssay On Drug Control1594 Words   |  7 Pagesas a result of over 53,000 first responders, parents, and educators having easy access to naloxone and training on how to administer the drug. A comprehensive guide to implementing Naloxone programs is available at www.harmreduction.org. Increase Access to Medication-Assisted Treatment Current research supports the perspective that opioid addiction is a medical disorder which can be treated effectively with medications when they are administered under conditions consistent with their pharmacologicalRead MoreThe National Council For Behavioral Health1463 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization helping people with addictions to veterans with behavior health issues such as PTSD as well as spreading awareness and educating on mental first aid. The National Council for Behavioral Health prides itself on being the unifying voice of America’s mental health and addictions treatment organizations. Partnered with approximately 2,500 member organizations, the National Council claims to be committed to all Americans having access to high-quality, comprehensive, care that explores unlimitedRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders ( Dsm ) Defines Substance Abuse As Addiction Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pages Definitions Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines substance abuse as addiction. Addiction is defined by abuse and dependence. â€Å"Abuse† is use that impairs an individual person’s ability to function. â€Å"Dependence† is physical withdraw, and centering one’s life around obtaining and using the substance (Kaye and David, 2014). Like a lot of populations those individuals who suffer from substance abuse have terms they are referred to that are offensive to them and their diseaseRead MoreDiane Feinstein s Life For Serving The People Of California Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst female Senator, she was a co-author of the Gun Free Schools Act and the Hate Crimes Sentencing Enhancement Act, both signed into law in 1994. That same year, Feinstein also led legislation banning the manufacture, sale, and possession of military-style assault weapons, which was also signed into law the same year. Feinstein was the author of The Comprehensi ve Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 and The Federal Gang Violence Act, which became law in 2007. She also has worked in supporting theRead MoreThere Are Common Assumptions About Substance Addictions:931 Words   |  4 Pagesassumptions about substance addictions: Very few people who have a drinking problem can t ever drink in a normal, controlled manner. 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The RPT can be used as an aftercare program to maintain the sustained gains achieved during the initial substance use treatment, or as a treatment program that stands-alone against substanceRead MoreTreatment or Prevention1323 Words   |  6 Pagesthis should be held accountable for their actions. Another issue teen’s face is a life of addiction. This is a serious issue that many overlook but has taken so many lives silently. Addiction is defined as a condition that results when a person ingests a substance such as alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. Or engages in an activity such as gambling, sex, and shopping that can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such asRead MoreAnnual Productivity Enhancement : Ch allenges And Resolutions Training Package1555 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectually disabled. †¢ So, What is Dual Diagnosis? 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Capital Allocation and Delegation of Decision †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Capital Allocation and Delegation of Decision. Answer: Introduction: The current report aims to deal with three different case studies; the first is related to Dorquay Hotel. The budgeted room revenue for three months of the hotel has been computed by considering the expected room occupancy and expected average room rate. This has been validated further by explaining the way the management of the hotel has estimated the occupancy rate. The second case deals with the ethical issues related to Practical Solutions Limited and Dogto Limited to find out ethical issues and the merits and demerits of employee code of conduct to the former organisation. The final case study sheds light on computing the break-even for Chloe Enterprises along with evaluating the feasibility of the proposed change in the marketing strategy of the organisation. Calculation of budgeted room revenue for Dorquay Hotel: Particulars December January February Number of rooms 20 20 20 Average room rate $ 180 $ 198 $ 198 Room occupancy rate 90% 95% 85% Budgeted room revenue $ 3,240 $ 3,762 $ 3,366 For estimating the minimum length of stay, Dorquay Hotel estimates a period of high demand, which is followed by low demand. It accepts longer duration stays during arrival, while it rejects shorter duration stays (Butler Ghosh, 2015). This helps to raise occupancy during the slow period. In case of the hotel, such estimation has been accurate, as the room rate has increased by 10% in the month of January from December. In addition, the hotel has applied the maximum length of stay, when the rooms are sold out at higher rates (Collier, 2015).This is because the hotel has not accepted reservations at particular discounted rates for multiple night stays extending into the sold out period. It has been observed that there is no change in the average room rate in February; however, there is a fall in the occupancy rate due to adoption of such policy. The major ethical concerns include independence, objectivity and sincerity. Based on the provided facts, it could be observed that it is a paid for Mr Smith and his family to Los Angeles. This could lead to an impression that the trip is a token of gift, which could have effects on the selected software (Graham, Harvey Puri, 2015). Thus, at the time of undertaking the software decision, Mr Smith might be obliged to Dogto Limited due to the trip. From the perspective of the third party, a conflict of interest might arise along with lack of independence. Conversely, it would serve as an immense opportunity to obtain additional information regarding the software. An opportunity is inherent to suit the software users for obtaining an insight of the future plan related to software development. This would help in saving funds for Practical Solutions Limited, since they would not have to incur any expense for the trip. However, the suggestion of taking the family to a trip indicates that the trip is more of a gift (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014).The appearance to the third parties and the effect on integrity, independence and integrity might be high and therefore, it is advised to Mr Smith to avoid the trip. It is necessary for the organisation to create its own code of conduct. The main benefits are that it would deliver a message to the staffs regarding the acceptable behaviour along with promoting an aura of credibility and trust around the business dealings (Mih?il?, 2014). This would increase the professionalism of the organisation and the management team would be able to foresee any ethical dilemmas. However, the demerit is that such code could not possibly cover all the situations and the staffs might be of the view that a minimum standard is set, which could be time consuming and costly to develop. In order to implement such measure effectively, the organisation needs to create a team from its existing employees to maintain the same and this, in turn, would act as positive motivation for the staffs. Particulars Units Selling price per unit $ 60 Less: Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 28 Less: Variable marketing and distribution costs per unit $ 12 Contribution margin per unit $ 20 Fixed Costs: Annual fixed manufacturing costs $ 120,000 Annual fixed non-manufacturing costs $ 370,000 Total fixed costs $ 490,000 Break-even point (in units) 24,500 Break-even (in sales) $ 1,470,000 Particulars Units Annual sales volume 35,000 Break-even (in units) 24,500 Margin of safety (in units) 10,500 Margin of safety (in dollars) $ 630,000 Particulars Units Annual sales volume 32000 Contribution margin per unit $ 20 Total fixed costs $ 490,000 Profit $ 150,000 Particulars Units Selling price per unit $ 60 Less: Variable manufacturing cost per unit $ 28 Less: Variable marketing and distribution costs per unit $ 16 Contribution margin per unit $ 16 Annual fixed manufacturing costs $ 120,000 Annual fixed non-manufacturing costs $ 290,000 Total fixed costs $ 410,000 Units to be produced for achieving the same profit 35,000 Based on the above table, it could be stated that Chloe Enterprises needs to produce the same amount of units to achieve the same profit level. Thus, any change in the marketing strategy is not needed, since the production capacity would remain the same. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it could be found out that the Dorquay Hotel mainly focuses on longer duration stays, while the shorter duration stays are mostly avoided. It has adopted maximum length of stay, particularly during the peak seasons with no discount rates to the customers. In relation to the ethical issues, it has been assessed that the appearance to the third parties and the effect on integrity, independence and integrity might be high and therefore, it is advised to Mr Smith to avoid the trip. Finally, it has been found out that Chloe Enterprises needs to produce the same amount of units to achieve the same profit level. Thus, any change in the marketing strategy is not needed, since the production capacity would remain the same. References and Bibliographies: Birt,J., Chalmers, K., Maloney, S., Brooks, A., Oliver, J. (2014). Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making, 5th Edition. Wiley and Sons. Butler, S. A., Ghosh, D. (2015). Individual differences in managerial accounting judgments and decision making.The British Accounting Review,47(1), 33-45. Collier, P. M. (2015). Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R., Puri, M. (2015). Capital allocation and delegation of decision-making authority within firms.Journal of Financial Economics,115(3), 449-470. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Mih?il?, M. (2014). Managerial accounting and decision making, in energy industry.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1199-1202. Nielsen, L. B., Mitchell, F., Nrreklit, H. (2015, March). Management accounting and decision making: Two case studies of outsourcing. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 64-82). Elsevier. Oboh, C. S., Ajibolade, S. O. (2017). Strategic Management Accounting and decision Making.

Employee Behavior Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Question: Discuss about the Employee Behavior for Intrinsic and Extrinsic. Answer: Introduction HG Metals is the steel manufacturing company working in Australia from a long time and it is manufacturing a large variety of steel products and delivering them throughout the world. Mr. Ching Chiat Kwong is the Chairman and MR. Foo Sev Liang is the executive director of the HG Metals. At present, the growth of the company is increasing more and more due to which a large number of people or we can say a large number of companies are getting connected to the HG Metals. The HG Metals has divided its complete working into three different modules, i.e., HG industrial steel and services, HG construction steel and the third one is HG distribution. Headquarter of the HG Metal is basically located in Singapore through which the company is working in different- different countries of the world. This report on identifying the problems being faced by the management of the company and finding out their solutions is the main purpose of this stud (Team, 2016). Current Management Situation/Problem The main purpose of this report is to find out various problems being faced by the management of the company regarding to various internal and external factors. The company is facing several problems related to its manufacturing process like manufacturing flat steel bars, Angles, Beams, Electro Galvanized steel products, etc. At the time of manufacturing a large variety of steel products a huge amount of wastage is also generated, which affects the complete surrounding or we can say surrounding environment of the company (Wilby Neale, 2011). The main problem being faced by the management of the HG Metals is the E- waste production depending upon their average life ratio. The company needs to face various problems related to their supply chain management because the company has to supply approximately three thousand heavy steel products across the different markets of the different countries. All these tasks are completely dependent upon the effective role of each and every employee of the company (Rouse, 2016). Therefore, for attaining the effective and efficient attention of every employee of the company needs to focus on its reward management system. The management is facing various problems related to the policies being introduced from time to time for providing incentives to the employees. Research Questions The research question section is the most important part of the research proposal or report. This section tells us about the various critical evaluations done at the time of the research process. This is the main step responsible for directing the whole report towards a particular direction or we can say towards the end solution. These research questions help in identifying the various problems or modifications necessary for the successful working of the company at the time this research is being carried out. In order to focus on the research report, it is very necessary that all the research questions should be clear and can be evaluated easily at the time of final solution (Robinson, 2013). Various research questions related to this company are according to as written below: Does the reward management system affect the working and interest of the employees in actual? How does reward system helps the management in gaining the loyalty of the employees towards the company? What are the most important modifications required in the reward management system of the company so that, each and every employee will deliver its best regarding to their work? Any other beneficial replacement against the reward management system of the company? Various impacts of the mismanaged working of the reward management of the company on its profile? Research Design The research design is a process of collecting the required data or any other type of information required by the management of the company in taking several important decisions for the sake of the companys business as well as for the well- being of the employees. This step of the research report completely defines the type as well as the quality of data. The clear description of the whole data creates a clear image in the mind of the actual observer. The research design consists of various elements which are as mentioned below: Identifying the research topic This step is the starting stage of the complete research. In this step, the actual topic or the problem is selected on which the complete focus is maintained and the complete research is done with respect to that topic or problem. Research questions identified This is the second step of this report and various questions are being raised or we can say selected on which the management of the company needs actual focus. This step highlights the main problem on which the researcher has to carry out his/her research and has to set his/her mind in accordance to that vary problem (Wever, 2017). Key terms of the process In this step, the researcher has to generate various facts that should be real in actual. On these various facts generated, the end solution is being identified against the various problems being discussed in the report earlier. Establishing sample questions In this step of the research design, various conclusions can easily be identified depending upon the samples generated for a large number of people. The process of establishing these sample questions helps in representing the views of various people involved in the research. Collection of data and information This step of the research design helps the researcher in collecting various facts and figures regarding the selected issue or the problem. This process of collecting the data describes various advantages and disadvantages of the several elements selected for the accomplishment of the report. Data interpretation In this step, the data collected is maintained in an appropriate manner so that, it should be used at the time of its requirement. It is the responsibility of the management to maintain the complete data in such a way that no internal and external sources could affect it. Research Carried For evaluating the various impacts of the reward system of the company on the employees of the company, we have collected this data from various primary as well as secondary sources for this research. As if we talk about the primary data, we have collected this data by the directly communicating with the employees of the company and therefore, we have drawn the following chart depending upon the data collected. With respect to the secondary data, we have used the companys website and many other articles available on the internet. For the several modifications required in the reward system of the company, various questions were asked directly to the employees of the company for carrying out the complete survey successfully. Reward system is beneficial for the company or not? Yes No Dont Know With the help of this survey, the management of the company will able to judge the interest of the employees regarding to this vary system. If the management of the company will provide time to time incentives to the employees depending upon their capabilities, then each and every employee will start working efficiently for gaining more incentives. Type of Reward system required Mixed Rewards Financial Non- Financial No Need According to this survey done, we came to know that most of the employees are in favor of the mixed reward system. These mixed rewards can be presented to them in both financial as well as in nonfinancial manner (Hartzell, 2017). Whereas, some of the people are in the favor of financial and non-financial reward system, because they can utilize those such rewards according to their need. And very few people are in the favor that they dont require any reward system. Various impacts of the Reward system on the firm during employees service period? Yes No No such system According to this survey most of the employees those who participated in the survey are in the favor that there was a lot of impact on the overall working of the company due to reward system. The maximum majority of the employees participated in the survey are in the favor of saying yes (Kuranchie-Mensah Amponsah-Tawiah, 2016). Some of the employees are also in the favour of no, i.e., according to them there was no such impact of the reward system on the overall working of the company. Very few people were also in the favor that there was no such reward system during their service period in the company. Research outcomes The survey done depending upon both the primary as well as secondary data shows that, most of the employees or any other member of the company are in the favor of the reward system. It is seen that, if the employee is rewarded for his/her good job than it automatically motivated the other employees of the company to work with their full efforts so as to earn more and more rewards by the reward management of the company. The reward system helps in creating good relationships among the management and the employees of the company. By appreciating the employees of the company for the work they have done for the betterment of the company will raise the confidence level of every employee working in the company. Therefore, each and every employee will actively participate in each and every activity of the company. An employee can only work by implementing its full efforts if he/ she have complete faith in the several policies being introduced by the management of the company from time to ti me (Kealesitse, 2009). The reward system is beneficial for the company as it helps in achieving faith of the employees over the companys management. Conclusion As we know, the HG Metals is one of the best companies working under this field. The company is providing a large variety of steel products to the people of the different countries across the world. The success of the company completely depends upon the working of its employees. Therefore, it is necessary for an organization to make good relations with the employees and for making such relationship the reward system is very beneficial for the company. The reward system helps the company in gaining the faith of the employees and it also provides satisfaction to the employees regarding their job. Therefore, we can say that there must be an appropriate reward management system in each and every Company either it is of small, medium or large level. References Hartzell, S. (2017). Reward Systems Employee Behavior: Intrinsic Extrinsic Rewards. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/reward-systems-employee-behavior-intrinsic-extrinsic-rewards.html Kealesitse, B. (2009). The impact of performance-based reward system (pbrs) on customers perceived service outcomes. Victoria University. Kuranchie-Mensah, E., Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2016). Employee Motivation and Work Performance: A Comparative Study of Mining Companies in Ghana. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 9(2), 255-309 . Retrieved from https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/viewFile/1530/755 Robinson, A. (2013, July 22). Top 4 Manufacturing Issues in America Part 1 of 2. Retrieved from https://cerasis.com/2013/07/22/manufacturing-issues/ Rouse, M. (2016). Supply chain management (SCM). Retrieved from https://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/supply-chain-management Team, J. (2016). HG Metal Manufacturing Limited: Company Overview. Retrieved from https://www.jobstreet.com.sg/en/companies/476720-hg-metal-manufacturing-limited Wever, R. (2017). Design Research: Introduction. Journal of Design Research. Retrieved from https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=JDR Wilby, A., Neale, D. (2011). Detects introduced into metals during fabrication and service. Retrieved from https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C05/E6-36-04-01.pdf